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Classic of the Northern Mountains · Mount Fajiu · Eastern Sea

Jingwei

精衛

Bird
Jingwei in an original reconstruction of its ancient mountain-and-sea habitatAn original reconstruction in its Shanhai habitat
It is shaped like a crow, with a patterned head, white beak and red feet, and is named Jingwei. It was Nüwa (女娃), the Yan Emperor's youngest daughter, who drowned in the Eastern Sea and did not return; therefore she became Jingwei, constantly carrying wood and stones from the western mountains to fill the sea.公版原文:其状如乌,文首、白喙、赤足,名曰精卫……常衔西山之木石,以堙于东海。— Shanhaijing · Classic of the Northern Mountains
HISTORICAL IMAGE EVIDENCE · 古籍圖像依據

From Ming woodblock to the living JingweiHistorical image and original digital reconstruction

A Ming illustration shows Jingwei in flight carrying a leafy branch. The digital reconstruction returns to the source traits—crow-like form, patterned head, white beak and red feet—while depicting either wood or stone across different journeys. It is neither a mechanical colourisation nor the only possible reading.

IHISTORICAL SOURCE
Woodblock illustration of Jingwei Filling the Sea, plate XXV, from a 1597 Jujintang edition of the illustrated ShanhaijingOpen historical image

Historical JingweiHistorical depiction · 1597

Work
Illustrated Shanhaijing (Tuhui Quanxiang)
Edition
Jujintang woodblock edition, 1597
Contributors
Illustrated by Jiang Yinghao and Wu Linfu; engraved by Li Wenxiao
Plate
Plate XXV, “Jingwei Filling the Sea”
Repository
National Library of China
P/ADIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION
Shanhai Wonders reconstruction of Jingwei with crow-like form, patterned head, white beak, red feet and complete flight feathersOpen web preview

Digital reconstructionShanhai Wonders™ | 山海萬象志

The reconstruction locks the crow-like form, patterned head, white beak and red feet, then uses plausible avian anatomy, flight feathers and tucked feet to create a living presence. Plumage, light and the particular landscape are evidence-led artistic interpretations.

TEXT

Recorded in the text

Crow-like, with a patterned head, white beak and red feet; it carries wood and stones from the western mountains to the Eastern Sea.

IMAGE

Visible in the old image

A bird in flight, both wings spread, carrying a leafy branch in its beak.

INFERENCE

Modern reconstruction

Plumage, feather layering, body proportion, flight dynamics, light and the particular route from Mount Fajiu to the Eastern Sea.

01 / FIELD NOTE

Field note

The bird transformed from Nüwa (女娃), the Yan Emperor's youngest daughter, after she drowned in the Eastern Sea—not the creator goddess Nüwa (女媧). Crow-like, patterned-headed, white-beaked and red-footed, it carries wood and stone to fill the sea.

02 / RECONSTRUCTION

Original reconstruction

Corvid anatomy supports credible flight, with actions centred on gathering, crossing, dropping and returning. It is not humanised as a winged girl and is not conflated with the goddess Nüwa (女媧).

Colour, material and movement not stated in the source are evidence-led artistic reconstructions.
CLASSIC STORY · 經典故事

Jingwei Fills the Sea

精衛填海
Complete narrative in the Classic of the Northern Mountains

Nüwa (女娃), the Yan Emperor's youngest daughter, drowned while travelling at the Eastern Sea and became the bird Jingwei. Day after day she carries twigs and stones from the western mountains and drops them into the sea that took her life. The sea is immeasurable and the bird is small, yet the tale became an enduring emblem of refusing to abandon an impossible task. This Nüwa is not the creator goddess Nüwa (女媧).

The sea has no shore; the will to carry one more twig does not cease.
Reading boundary: the Northern Mountains records Nüwa becoming Jingwei and carrying wood and stones to the sea; later meanings and episodes should be read as later reception.
THREE READING ANCHORS · 三個閱讀錨點

A small bird, a complete ancient narrative

Jingwei matters because identity, action, and geography are already joined in the source.

  1. 01 · SOURCE

    Nüwa (女娃), not the goddess Nüwa (女媧)

    The Yan Emperor's youngest daughter drowned in the Eastern Sea and became Jingwei, a crow-like bird with patterned head, white beak, and red feet.

  2. 02 · RECEPTION

    Persistence is a later reading grounded in repeated action

    Later readers made Jingwei an emblem of persistence because it repeatedly carries wood and stone from the western mountains to the sea.

  3. 03 · RECONSTRUCTION

    Flight anatomy serves the journey

    Crow-like anatomy, tucked feet, load-bearing beak, wind, distance, and the chosen stone are reconstruction decisions, not surviving footage of an ancient animal.

LOCATION IN THE TEXT

Mount Fajiu · Eastern Sea

發鳩之山 · 東海
WE

This diagram expresses textual direction and relation only; it does not claim unverified modern coordinates.

APPROVED SCENES · 場景展示

One being, across different moments of the Shanhai world.

Changing weather and habitat reveal different moments of life while the source-grounded identity remains consistent.

Dawn Flight from Mount Fajiu
Dawn Flight from Mount FajiuLeaving Mount Fajiu at dawn, Jingwei carries a branch toward the Eastern Sea.
Return between Mountain and Sea
Return between Mountain and SeaMountain shadow meets sea light as Jingwei completes another journey.
FREE WALLPAPERS · 免費壁紙

Carry Jingwei across every screen.

Four true screen ratios, presented without stretching. Open any framed preview to view the full-size wallpaper in a new page. Free editions carry a light brand mark.

Shanhai Wonders™ | 山海萬象志Free for personal screens. No resale, redistribution, merchandise, or AI training.
SOURCES, READING & METHOD · 來源、閱讀與方法

Know what comes from the source—and what is reconstructed.

TEXT

Shanhaijing · Classic of the Northern Mountains

This profile begins with the passage associated with Mount Fajiu · Eastern Sea. Ancient text and modern explanation remain visibly separate.

Open the chapter register
READING

Keep the reading boundary visible

Reading boundary: the Northern Mountains records Nüwa becoming Jingwei and carrying wood and stones to the sea; later meanings and episodes should be read as later reception.

RECONSTRUCTION

Shanhai Wonders™ | 山海萬象志

Corvid anatomy supports credible flight, with actions centred on gathering, crossing, dropping and returning. It is not humanised as a winged girl and is not conflated with the goddess Nüwa (女媧).

Read methods and rights